Jean bartik biography

1. At age 20, Bartik became one of the first “computers”

In , farm-grown Jean Jennings Bartik (born Betty Jean Jennings) finished her degree in mathematics at Northwest Missouri State University and was ready for her next adventure. She saw an ambiguous advertisement in the paper for “college women with a degree in mathematics,” applied, and was offered the job. The next night she hopped on a steam-powered train from her small rural town to the bustling city of Philadelphia. Her expertise was needed for a specific reason: to compute the trajectories of ballistic missiles.

The missile trajectories depended on specific weather and atmospheric conditions, which were entered into a complex equation in order to generate an entire table of values. The Army needed mathematically-savvy people for these calculations, but all the men were fighting the war. So, they offered a $2, salary to over women to work at the University of Pennsylvania as "computers." For most of World War II, all of the computers and their supervisors were women. Each ballistic table took 40 hours to compute, and as the war continued, the demand for calculations was overwhelming.

2. She programmed the first electronic computer

The Army decided to launch a secret project to automate these calculations, which soon became known as the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). With the pioneering work of Bartik and five other women, known as the “Sensational Six,” ENIAC became the first computer that could be programmed for multiple purposes – the predecessor to our modern day computers. Bartik was the youngest woman in the group.

The process of programming ENIAC was painstaking. Despite being integral to ENIAC’s development, at first the women weren’t given clearance to enter the huge room that contained the foot long mass of steel, cables, switches, and 16, vacuum tubes. The women were given circuit d

Jean Jennings Bartik (27 Aralık – 23 Mart ), ENIAC bilgisayarı için çalışan ana yazılımcılardan biriydi. Okulda matematik eğitimi aldıktan sonra Pennsylvania Üniversitesi'nde çalışmaya başladı. İlkin manuel olarak balistik yörüngeleri hesaplarken daha sonra bunu ENIAC'ı ile yaptı. Bartik ve meslektaşları ENIAC üzerinde çalışırken programlamanın temellerini geliştirdi ve kodladılar. ENIAC üzerine çalışmasının ardından Bartik, BINAC ve UNIVAC üzerine çalışmaya devam etti ve çeşitli teknik firmalara yazar, yönetici, mühendis ve yazılımcı olarak zaman ayırdı. Daha sonraki yıllarını emlakçılık yaparak geçirdi ve 'de konjestif kalp yetmezliği komplikasyonlarından öldü.

İlk yılları ve eğitimi

Betty Jean Jennings, 'te Missouri'nin Gentry ilçesinde yedi çocuklu bir ailenin altıncı çocuğu olarak doğdu. Babası William Smith Jennings (), Alanthus Grove'luydu ve burada hem öğretmen hem de çiftçi olarak çalıştı. Annesi, Lula May Spainhower (), Alanthus'tan gelmişti. Jennings, William (10 Ocak ), Robert (15 Mart ) ve Raymond (23 Ocak ) adlarında üç büyük erkek kardeşe; Emma (11 Ağustos ) ve Lulu (22 Ağustos ) adlarında iki abla ile Mable (15 Aralık ) adından bir kızkardeşe sahipti.

Çocukluğunda at sırtında atlayıp büyük annesini ziyaret eder ve büyük annesi, genç kıza her gün okumak üzere bir gazete satın almış ve hayatının geri kalanı için bir rol modeli haline gelmişti. Eğitimini yerel tek sınıflı bir okulda başlattı ve softbol becerisiyle yaşadığı yerde dikkat çekti. Liseye devam edebilmek için ablasıyla okulun bulunduğu komşu kasabada yaşadı ve daha 14 yaşında olmasına rağmen her gün araba kullanmaya başladı. 'de 16 yaşındayken Stanberry Lisesi'nden mezun oldu.

Northwest Missouri Eyalet Öğretmen Koleji'ne girdi. Matematik ile yan dal olarak İngilizcede uzmanlaştı ve yılında mezun oldu. Jennings, sadece matematik diplomasını aldı. İlk başlarda gazetecilik eğitimi görmek istemesine r

Jean Bartik

Jean Bartik born Dec. 27,

As one of the Army’s first programmers, Jean Bartik (born Elizabeth Jean Jennings) was also one of the first women in the field of computer science. Bartik was born in Missouri on a farm. She was athletic and grew up playing softball, becoming a local star. When she entered Northwest Missouri State Teachers College, she was encouraged to major in physical education, but her interests in math and physics led her to major in mathematics.

During Bartik’s first year of college the Japenese bombed Pearl Harbor, and Bartik found herself taking classes with sailors and other draftees. According to NASA’s published background on Bartik, she was the only woman in most of her math and physics classes. When she graduated with a bachelor’s degree in , Bartik left Missouri to work for U.S. Army Ordnance at the University of Pennsylvania. She was assigned to be a “computer” (people, mostly women, who used desk calculators to perform critical computations such as the firing tables for guns). At the time, these women received a subprofessional rating from the Army and were paid $2, per year.

In , Bartik applied and was selected as a programmer on the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator), one of the earliest electronic, digital computers. The ENIAC could perform in 30 seconds a calculation that took Bartik and her fellow “computers” approximately 20 hours. Today’s supercomputers could perform the same calculation in a few microseconds. Bartik and her peers hardwired the computer separately for each calculation by setting thousands of switches and altering hundreds of cable connections. There were no manuals and no instruction set, and at first, no visual representation—the women were not allowed to see the ton colossus until they received security clearance, so design diagrams sufficed instead.

In , Bartik assembled and trained the team that converted the ENIAC to a stored program machine. She also

For Automotive journalist, see Jean Jennings.

American computer programmer (–)

"Elizabeth Jean Jennings" redirects here. Not to be confused with Elizabeth Joan Jennings or Elizabeth Jennings.

Jean Bartik (néeBetty Jean Jennings; December 27, – March 23, ) was an American computer programmer who was one of the original six programmers of the ENIAC computer.

Bartik studied mathematics in school then began work at the University of Pennsylvania, first manually calculating ballistics trajectories and then using ENIAC to do so. The other five ENIAC programmers were Betty Holberton, Ruth Teitelbaum, Kathleen Antonelli, Marlyn Meltzer, and Frances Spence. Bartik and her colleagues developed and codified many of the fundamentals of programming while working on the ENIAC, since it was the first computer of its kind.

After her work on ENIAC, Bartik went on to work on BINAC and UNIVAC, and spent time at a variety of technical companies as a writer, manager, engineer and programmer. She spent her later years as a real estate agent and died in from congestive heart failure complications.

Content-management framework Drupal's default theme, Bartik, is named in her honor.

Early life and education

Born Betty Jean Jennings in Gentry County, Missouri in , she was the sixth of seven children. Her father, William Smith Jennings (–) was from Alanthus Grove, where he was a schoolteacher as well as a farmer. Her mother, Lula May Spainhower (–) was from Alanthus. Jennings had three older brothers, William (January 10, ) Robert (March 15, ); and Raymond (January 23, ); two older sisters, Emma (August 11, ) and Lulu (August 22, ), and one younger sister, Mable (December 15, ).

In her childhood, she would ride on horseback to visit her grandmother, who bought the young girl a newspaper to read every day and became a role model for the rest of her life. She began her education