Short biography of ferdinand marcos wikipedia

Ferdinand Marcos

President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986

For his son, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., see Bongbong Marcos.

In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Edralin and the surname or paternal family name is Marcos.

Ferdinand Marcos

Marcos in 1982

In office
December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986

Prime Minister

Vice President

Preceded by

Diosdado Macapagal

Succeeded by

Corazon Aquino

In office
June 12, 1978 – June 30, 1981

Preceded by

Office re-established;
position previously held by Pedro Paterno

Succeeded by

Cesar Virata

In office
August 28, 1971 – January 3, 1972

President

Himself

Preceded by

Juan Ponce Enrile

Succeeded by

Juan Ponce Enrile

In office
December 31, 1965 – January 20, 1967

President

Himself

Preceded by

Macario Peralta

Succeeded by

Ernesto Mata

Political offices 1949‍–‍65
In office April 5, 1963 – December 30, 1965
President	Diosdado Macapagal
Preceded by	Eulogio Rodriguez
Succeeded by	Arturo Tolentino
In office January 25, 1960 – January 22, 1962
Preceded by	Ambrosio Padilla
Succeeded by	Estanislao Fernandez
In office December 30, 1959 – December 30, 1965
In office December 30, 1949 – December 30, 1959
Preceded by	Pedro Albano
Succeeded by	Simeon M. Valdez

Born

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos

(1917-09-11)September 11, 1917
Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Died

September 28, 1989(1989-09-28) (aged 72)
Honolulu, Hawaii, US

Resting place

Political party

Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (1978–89)

Other political
affiliations

Spouses

Children

9, including Imee, Bongbong, Irene, and Aimee

Parents

Relatives

Marcos family

Alma mater

University of the Philippines Manila (LL.B)

Occupation

Signature

Nicknames

Short biography of ferdinand marcos wikipedia

Timeline of the Ferdinand Marcos presidency

Year

Date

Event

Source

1972

September 17 or 21 (accounts vary)

Pres. Marcos signs the Proclamation No. 1081 document, placing the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law.

September 22

Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile survives an "assassination" attempt.

Pres. Marcos announces that he had placed the entire country under martial law, with the earlier "ambush" as a pretext.

Marcos issues Letter of Instruction no. 1, which orders the closure of media establishments and wire agencies.

Sen. Ninoy Aquino is the first person to arrested under Proclamation No. 1081, at a late-night meeting of opposition legislators, shortly before midnight.

September 23

In the early morning hours following Aquino Jr.'s arrest, media practitioners and opposition figures are arrested, including Senators Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Jose Diokno, and Ramon Mitra Jr. ||

Government forces shut down media outlets, including broadsheets the Manila Times; Daily Mirror; Manila Chronicle; Manila Daily Bulletin; Philippine Daily Express; Philippines Herald; Philippine Free Press, Graphic; and the Nation.Media outlets owned by Marcos crony Roberto Benedicto are exempted: newspaper Daily Express and television and radio stations of Kanlaon Broadcasting System.

Press Secretary Francisco Tatad announces the implementation of martial law in the late afternoon; Ferdinand Marcos goes on air at 7:00 PM to formalize the announcement. Demonstrations are banned, and a curfew is imposed.

October 21

The Moro National Liberation Front, a splinter group from the Muslim Independence Movement led by Nur Misuari, is officially formed

October 21–23

Upon its formation, the MNLF launches an attack

Grappling with polarization on Wikipedia: the case of the biography of Ferdinand E. Marcos

Abstract

Purpose

In this study, the authors look at the case of Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines between 1965 and 1986. Documenting the life and career of Marcos on Wikipedia provides an excellent example of the pitfalls confronting those seeking to address disinformation without first reflecting deeply on the reasons why people subscribe to views deemed outlandish by the intellectual or cultural mainstream.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors sampled the version of the Marcos article on Wikipedia as it existed after the first edit of each year since its inception (2002). This resulted in 22 texts for analysis. Content and thematic analyses were conducted on these texts as well as on the entire body of talk page comments for the article.

Findings

The authors' work suggests that the basic elements of responsible encyclopedic writing have prevailed in the case of Wikipedia's biography of Marcos. However, this is not an unalloyed victory, as issues of polarization remain unaddressed.

Originality/value

Underlying revisionist or distorted claims about Ferdinand Marcos (and other controversial topics) lie very real grievances that give these claims traction for many people. Hence, it is not enough to “just present the facts” to readers. Rather, the authors argue that what is needed is a synthesis of positions that would allow for common ground to be found between them. This could be done in the case of Wikipedia by cultivating editors who are capable and willing to engage with the subject literature in a deeper and richer fashion.

Keywords

Citation

Luyt, B. and Sagun-Trajano, K. (2024), "Grappling with polarization on Wikipedia: the case of the biography of Ferdinand E. Marcos", Journal of Documentation, Vol. 80 No. 2, pp. 320-336. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-04-2023-0078

Publisher

Emerald Publishing Limited

Ferdinand Marcos

An Onrable Ferdinand Marcos

Marcos kan 1982
Ika-10ngPresidente kan Filipinas
Termino Desyembre 30, 1965 – Pebrero 25, 1986
Prime Minister	Himself (1978–1981) Cesar Virata(1981–1986)
Bise Presidente	Fernando López(1965–1973)
Suminunod ki	Diosdado Macapagal
Sinundan ni	Corazon Aquino
Ika-3 Primer Ministro kan Filipinas
Termino Hunyo 12, 1978 – Hunyo 30, 1981
Suminunod ki	Tinogdas opisyo (Katongdan dati kapot ni Jorge B. Vargas)
Sinundan ni	Cesar Virata
Secretary of National Defense
Termino Agosto 28, 1971 – Enero 3, 1972
President	Siya mismo
Suminunod ki	Juan Ponce Enrile
Sinundan ni	Juan Ponce Enrile
Termino Desyembre 31, 1965 – Enero 20, 1967
President	Siya mismo
Suminunod ki	Macario Peralta
Sinundan ni	Ernesto Mata
Ika-11ngPresidente kan Senado kan Filipinas
Termino Abril 5, 1963 – Desyembre 30, 1965
President	Diosdado Macapagal
Suminunod ki	Eulogio Rodriguez
Sinundan ni	Arturo Tolentino
Senador kan Filipinas
Termino Desyembre 30, 1959 – Desyembre 30, 1965
Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Ilocos Norte's 2nd District
Termino Desyembre 30, 1949 – Desyembre 30, 1959
Suminunod ki	Pedro Albano
Sinundan ni	Simeon M. Valdez
Personal na mga detalye
Kamundagan	Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos (1917-09-11)Septyembre 11, 1917 Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippine Islands
Kagadanan	Septyembre 28, 1989(1989-09-28) (edad 72) Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
Lulubngan	Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center, Batac, Ilocos Norte (1993–2016) Heroes' Cemetery, Taguig, Metro Manila (poon kan Nobyembre 18, 2016)
Partido politikal	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
Iba pang partido	Partido Liberal(1946–1965) Nacionalista Party(1965–1978)
Mga aki	4 (Imee, Bongbong, Irene, asin inampon na aki, Aimee)
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