Samuel argall and freemasonry today

1. All Kingdomes are maintained by Rents of traficque, but especially by the latter, which in maritaine places most floriseth by means of Navigation.

8. Where Collonies are fownded for a publique-well maye continewe in better obedience, and become more industrious, then where private men are absolute signors . . . for-as-much as better men of haviour and qualitie will ingage themselves in a publique service, which carrieth more reputacon with it, then a private, which is for the most part ignominious in the end.

. . . likewise we shall recieve such things as shalbe most available to our necessaties, which intercourse of trade maye rather be called a home bread trafique than a forraigne exchange.

The want of our fresh and presente supplie of our discoveries hath in manner taken awaye the title which the Lawe of nacions giveth us unto the Coast first fownde out by our industrie, forasmuch as whasoever a man relinquiseth mayebe claymned by the next findor as his own property neither is it sufficient to set foot in a countrie but to possesse and howld it.

wee greately commending and graciously accepting of their desires to the furtherance of soe noble a worke which may by the providence of Almightie God hereafter tende to the glorie of hys divyne maiestie in propagating of Christian religion to suche people as yet live in darknesse and myserable ignorance of the true knowledge and worshippe of god and may in tyme bring the infidels and salvages lyving in those partes to humane civilitie and to a setled and quiete governmente.

You brave heroic minds,
Worthy your country's name,
That honor still pursue,
Go, and subdue,

Different Ideas of War

When the hundred or so English settlers sailed into the Chesapeake Bay in the spring of , they encountered one of the most powerful Indian chiefdoms on the Atlantic seaboard. Powhatan, the paramount chief, or mamanatowick, ruled twenty-eight to thirty-two Algonquian-speaking groups that resided from north of the Rappahannock River to south of the James and west to the fall line. The Indians called their land Tsenacomoco and were intent on defending it from invaders either through diplomacy or war. The English, meanwhile, were sometimes confused about which groups were under Powhatan&#;s control. The Chickahominy Indians, for instance, lived in the heart of Tsenacomoco but were independent. The Patawomecks, who lived along the Potomac River, paid Powhatan tribute but were not always loyal.

The Indians waged war frequently but on a small scale. They fought off raiding parties of Siouan-speaking Monacans, among others, but at times they also battled each other. Powhatan men &#;are soon moved to anger,&#; Captain John Smith observed, &#;and so militious that they seldome forget an injury.&#; As such, they often fought to avenge slights and to earn increased personal status, creating a cycle of retribution that sometimes blurred the line between war and peace. The mamanatowick demanded that his warriors also fight for political reasons, which included conquering other Algonquian-speaking groups and bringing them into the paramount chiefdom. In , Powhatan&#;s men ambushed the Piankatank Indians, later displaying their scalps for the English in the capital at Werowocomoco. Powhatan also attacked the Chesapeakes and the Kecoughtans, moving the remnants of the latter group into Piankatank territory. Still, finding opportunities to wage war on non-Algonquian-speakers helped the mamanatowick direct his men&#;s vengeful energy in ways that usefully bound the paramount chiefdom together.

Because of this constant, small-scale warfare, some scho