Confucius bibliography examples

When citing this text, just cite chapter and verse number.For example.According to Confucius “it’s honouring parents and elders that makes people human” (Analects, I.2). The same goes for using footnotes.

Chapter I

1.The Master said: “To learn, and then, in its due season , put what you have learned into practice –isn’t that still a great pleasure?And to have a friend visit from somewhere far away – isn’t that still a great joy?When you’re ignored by the world like this, an yet bear no resentment – isn’t that great nobility?”

2.Master Yu said: “It’s honouring parents and elders that makes people human.Then they rarely turn against authority.And if people don’t’ turn against authority, they never rise up and pitch the country into chaos.
“The noble-minded cultivate roots.When roots are secure, the Way is born.To honour parents and elders – isn’t that the root of Humanity?”

5.The Master said: “To show the Way for a nation of a thousand war-chariots, a ruler pays reverent attention to the country’s affairs and always stands by his words.He maintains economy and simplicity, always loving the people, and so emplo9ys the people only in due season.”

6.The Master said: “In youth, respect your parents when home and your elders when away.Think carefully before you speak, and stand by your words.Love the whole expanse of things, and make an intimate of Humanity.Then, if you have any energy left, begin cultivating yourself.”

7.Adept Hsia said: “Cherishing Wisdom as if it were a beautiful woman, devoting their strength to serving parents and their lives to serving a ruler, standing by their words in dealing with friends – such people may say they’ve never studied, but I would call them learned indeed.”

9.Master Tseng said: “Be thorough in mourning parents, and meticulous in the ancestral sacrifices, then the people Integrity will return to its original fullness.”

12.Master Yu said: “The most precious fruit of Ritual is harmony.The Way of the ancient Emperors foun

1. Confucius as Chinese Philosopher and Symbol of Traditional Culture

Because of the wide range of texts and traditions identified with him, choices about which version of Confucius is authoritative have changed over time, reflecting particular political and social priorities. The portrait of Confucius as philosopher is, in part, the product of a series of modern cross-cultural interactions. In Imperial China, Confucius was identified with interpretations of the classics and moral guidelines for administrators, and therefore also with training the scholar-officials that populated the bureaucracy. At the same time, he was closely associated with the transmission of the ancient sacrificial system, and he himself received ritual offerings in temples found in all major cities. By the Han (202 BCE–220 CE), Confucius was already an authoritative figure in a number of different cultural domains, and the early commentaries show that reading texts associated with him about history, ritual, and proper behavior was important to rulers. The first commentaries to the Analects were written by tutors to the crown prince (e.g., Zhang Yu 張禹, d. 5 BCE), and select experts in the “Five Classics” (Wujing 五經) were given scholastic positions in the government. The authority of Confucius was such that during the late Han and the following period of disunity, his imprimatur was used to validate commentaries to the classics, encoded political prophecies, and esoteric doctrines.

By the Song period (960–1279), the post-Buddhist revival known as “Neo-Confucianism” anchored readings of the dialogues of Confucius to a dualism between “cosmic pattern” (li 理) and “pneumas” (qi 氣), a distinctive moral cosmology that marked the tradition off from those of Buddhism and Daoism. The Neo-Confucian interpretation of the Analects by Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130–1200) i

Chinese philosopher (c. 551 – c. 479 BCE)

For other uses, see Confucius (disambiguation).

Confucius (孔子; pinyin: Kǒngzǐ; lit. 'Master Kong'; c. 551 – c. 479 BCE), born Kong Qiu (孔丘), was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages. Much of the shared cultural heritage of the Sinosphere originates in the philosophy and teachings of Confucius. His philosophical teachings, called Confucianism, emphasized personal and governmental morality, harmonious social relationships, righteousness, kindness, sincerity, and a ruler's responsibilities to lead by virtue.

Confucius considered himself a transmitter for the values of earlier periods which he claimed had been abandoned in his time. He advocated for filial piety, endorsing strong family loyalty, ancestor veneration, the respect of elders by their children and of husbands by their wives. Confucius recommended a robust family unit as the cornerstone for an ideal government. He championed the Silver Rule, or a negative form of the Golden Rule, advising, "Do not do unto others what you do not want done to yourself."

The time of Confucius's life saw a rich diversity of thought, and was a formative period in China's intellectual history. His ideas gained in prominence during the Warring States period, but experienced setback immediately following the Qin conquest. Under Emperor Wu of Han, Confucius's ideas received official sanction, with affiliated works becoming mandatory readings for career paths leading to officialdom. During the Tang and Song dynasties, Confucianism developed into a system known in the West as Neo-Confucianism, and later as New Confucianism. From ancient dynasties to the modern era, Confucianism has integrated into the Chinese social fabric and way of life.

Traditionally, Confucius is credited with having authored or edited many of the ancient texts